PowerShell 7 固定最新版纯命令教程

先关掉 Windows Terminal 和 Codex 再执行下面命令。

这套命令做的是“固定默认入口到新版 pwsh”，不替换系统自带的
C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe 文件本体。

1. 下载并校验 PowerShell 7.6.0 ZIP

$ProgressPreference = 'SilentlyContinue'
$ver = '7.6.0'
$expected = '9E725837AF682B87BB212CD1EFE3657C06C540404203810857EC2516AE2CA322'
$tmp = Join-Path $env:USERPROFILE '.codex\tmp\pwsh-install'
$zip = Join-Path $tmp "PowerShell-$ver-win-x64.zip"

New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path $tmp | Out-Null
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://github.com/PowerShell/PowerShell/releases/download/v$ver/PowerShell-$ver-win-x64.zip" -OutFile $zip

$actual = (Get-FileHash -Algorithm SHA256 $zip).Hash
$actual
if ($actual -ne $expected) { throw "SHA256 不匹配: $actual" }

2. 解压到当前用户目录

$ver = '7.6.0'
$tmp = Join-Path $env:USERPROFILE '.codex\tmp\pwsh-install'
$zip = Join-Path $tmp "PowerShell-$ver-win-x64.zip"
$base = Join-Path $env:LOCALAPPDATA "Programs\PowerShell\$ver"
$pwsh = Join-Path $base 'pwsh.exe'

New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path $base | Out-Null
tar.exe -xf $zip -C $base

& $pwsh -NoLogo -NoProfile -Command '$PSVersionTable.PSVersion.ToString()'

3. 把用户级 PATH 和 SHELL 指到新版 pwsh

$ver = '7.6.0'
$base = Join-Path $env:LOCALAPPDATA "Programs\PowerShell\$ver"
$pwsh = Join-Path $base 'pwsh.exe'

$userPath = [Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('Path', 'User')
if (-not $userPath) { $userPath = '' }
$parts = $userPath -split ';' | Where-Object { $_ }

if ($parts -notcontains $base) {
    $newPath = if ($userPath) { "$base;$userPath" } else { $base }
    [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $newPath, 'User')
}

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('SHELL', $pwsh, 'User')

[Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('SHELL', 'User')
[Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('Path', 'User')

4. 固定 Windows Terminal 默认 Profile 到新版 pwsh

$ver = '7.6.0'
$base = Join-Path $env:LOCALAPPDATA "Programs\PowerShell\$ver"
$pwsh = Join-Path $base 'pwsh.exe'
$wtDir = Join-Path $env:LOCALAPPDATA 'Packages\Microsoft.WindowsTerminal_8wekyb3d8bbwe\LocalState'
$wt = Join-Path $wtDir 'settings.json'
$bak = Join-Path $wtDir ("settings.json.bak." + (Get-Date -Format 'yyyyMMdd_HHmmss'))
$guid = '{4b0c710a-8d30-4b7f-9f1f-0b4f9e0f7600}'

New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path $wtDir | Out-Null
if (Test-Path $wt) { Copy-Item $wt $bak -Force }

@"
{
    "`$schema": "https://aka.ms/terminal-profiles-schema",
    "defaultProfile": "$guid",
    "profiles": {
        "list": [
            {
                "guid": "$guid",
                "name": "PowerShell $ver",
                "commandline": "$($pwsh -replace '\\','\\')",
                "icon": "$($pwsh -replace '\\','\\')",
                "hidden": false
            },
            {
                "guid": "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}",
                "name": "Windows PowerShell",
                "hidden": true
            }
        ]
    }
}
"@ | Set-Content -Path $wt -Encoding utf8

Get-Content $wt -Raw

5. 把 Win11 默认终端应用切到 Windows Terminal

$k = 'HKCU:\Console\%%Startup'

New-Item -Path $k -Force | Out-Null
Set-ItemProperty -Path $k -Name DelegationConsole -Value '{2EACA947-7F5F-4CFA-BA87-8F7FBEEFBE69}'
Set-ItemProperty -Path $k -Name DelegationTerminal -Value '{E12CFF52-A866-4C77-9A90-F570A7AA2C6B}'

Get-ItemProperty $k | Format-List DelegationConsole,DelegationTerminal

6. 把开始菜单里的 Windows PowerShell 快捷方式改到新版 pwsh

$ver = '7.6.0'
$base = Join-Path $env:LOCALAPPDATA "Programs\PowerShell\$ver"
$pwsh = Join-Path $base 'pwsh.exe'
$dir = Join-Path $env:APPDATA 'Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Windows PowerShell'
$backup = Join-Path $dir '_backup_codex_manual'
$wsh = New-Object -ComObject WScript.Shell

New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path $backup | Out-Null

Get-ChildItem $dir -Filter '*.lnk' | ForEach-Object {
    Copy-Item $_.FullName -Destination (Join-Path $backup $_.Name) -Force
    $s = $wsh.CreateShortcut($_.FullName)
    $s.TargetPath = $pwsh
    $s.Arguments = ''
    $s.IconLocation = "$pwsh,0"
    $s.WorkingDirectory = $env:USERPROFILE
    $s.Save()
}

Get-ChildItem $dir -Filter '*.lnk' | ForEach-Object {
    $s = $wsh.CreateShortcut($_.FullName)
    [PSCustomObject]@{
        Name = $_.Name
        TargetPath = $s.TargetPath
        IconLocation = $s.IconLocation
    }
} | Format-List

7. 把 Win+X / 开始按钮右键菜单里的 Windows PowerShell 快捷方式改到新版 pwsh

$ver = '7.6.0'
$base = Join-Path $env:LOCALAPPDATA "Programs\PowerShell\$ver"
$pwsh = Join-Path $base 'pwsh.exe'
$dir = Join-Path $env:LOCALAPPDATA 'Microsoft\Windows\WinX\Group3'
$backup = Join-Path $dir '_backup_codex_manual'
$wsh = New-Object -ComObject WScript.Shell

New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path $backup | Out-Null

Get-ChildItem $dir -Filter '*Windows PowerShell.lnk' | ForEach-Object {
    Copy-Item $_.FullName -Destination (Join-Path $backup $_.Name) -Force
    $s = $wsh.CreateShortcut($_.FullName)
    $s.TargetPath = $pwsh
    $s.Arguments = ''
    $s.IconLocation = "$pwsh,0"
    $s.WorkingDirectory = $env:USERPROFILE
    $s.Save()
}

Get-ChildItem $dir -Filter '*Windows PowerShell.lnk' | ForEach-Object {
    $s = $wsh.CreateShortcut($_.FullName)
    [PSCustomObject]@{
        Name = $_.Name
        TargetPath = $s.TargetPath
        IconLocation = $s.IconLocation
    }
} | Format-List

8. 重启 Explorer 刷新菜单缓存

Stop-Process -Name explorer -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Start-Sleep -Seconds 1
Start-Process explorer.exe

9. 验证版本、编码、快捷方式目标

$ver = '7.6.0'
$base = Join-Path $env:LOCALAPPDATA "Programs\PowerShell\$ver"
$pwsh = Join-Path $base 'pwsh.exe'

& $pwsh -NoLogo -NoProfile -Command '$PSVersionTable.PSVersion.ToString(); Write-Output ("UTF8=" + [Console]::OutputEncoding.WebName); Write-Output "中文正常"'

$wsh = New-Object -ComObject WScript.Shell
$paths = @(
    (Join-Path $env:APPDATA 'Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Windows PowerShell\Windows PowerShell.lnk'),
    (Join-Path $env:LOCALAPPDATA 'Microsoft\Windows\WinX\Group3\01a - Windows PowerShell.lnk'),
    (Join-Path $env:LOCALAPPDATA 'Microsoft\Windows\WinX\Group3\02a - Windows PowerShell.lnk')
)

$paths | ForEach-Object {
    $s = $wsh.CreateShortcut($_)
    [PSCustomObject]@{
        Path = $_
        TargetPath = $s.TargetPath
        IconLocation = $s.IconLocation
    }
} | Format-List

10. 重启 Codex

Write-Output '现在手动关闭并重新打开 Codex，新会话会吃到新版默认值。'

11. 可选：恢复备份

$startDir = Join-Path $env:APPDATA 'Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Windows PowerShell'
$startBak = Join-Path $startDir '_backup_codex_manual'
Get-ChildItem $startBak -Filter '*.lnk' | ForEach-Object {
    Copy-Item $_.FullName -Destination (Join-Path $startDir $_.Name) -Force
}

$winxDir = Join-Path $env:LOCALAPPDATA 'Microsoft\Windows\WinX\Group3'
$winxBak = Join-Path $winxDir '_backup_codex_manual'
Get-ChildItem $winxBak -Filter '*.lnk' | ForEach-Object {
    Copy-Item $_.FullName -Destination (Join-Path $winxDir $_.Name) -Force
}

Stop-Process -Name explorer -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Start-Sleep -Seconds 1
Start-Process explorer.exe